Blood Test Free Essays

Step by step instructions to Quickly and Easily Understand Your Blood Tests Without A Medical Degree The Simplified Patient Reference Guide By Ronald J. Grisanti D. C. We will compose a custom exposition test on Blood Test or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Cutoff points of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The writer, Ronald Grisanti and distributer, Busatti Corporation have put forth their best attempt to deliver a high caliber, instructive and accommodating book. The creator and Publisher make no portrayal or guarantees regarding the precision, pertinence, wellness or fulfillment of the substance of this program. They acknowledge no obligation of any sort for any misfortunes or harms caused or asserted to be caused legitimately or in a roundabout way, from utilizing the data contained in this book. This book isn't expected for use as a wellspring of any lawful or clinical guidance. The Publisher needs to push that the data contained in this might be liable to changing global, government, state as well as nearby laws or guidelines. The buyer or peruser of this distribution accepts accountability for the utilization of these materials and data. All data is proposed for your general information just and is certainly not a substitute for clinical exhortation or treatment for explicit ailments. You should look for brief clinical consideration for a particular medical problems and counsel your doctor before beginning another wellness routine. The most effective method to Quickly and Easily Understand Your Blood Tests Without A Medical Degree Copyright  © 2004 Busatti Corporation All privilege held overall Busatti Corporation and Ronald Grisanti own good, title, and enthusiasm for this distribution. No piece of this book might be recreated, dispersed, or transmitted in any structure, in entire or to a limited extent, or using any and all means, mechanical or electronic, including copying and recording, or by any data stockpiling and recovery framework, or transmitted by email, without consent recorded as a hard copy from the Publisher. 2 About the Author Dr. Ronald Grisanti is a rehearsing chiropractic doctor since 1981. Notwithstanding acquiring his doctorate in chiropractic medication, Dr. Grisanti is a Board Certified Chiropractic Orthopedist and Board Certified Sports Physician. He is by and by finishing his Master’s Degree in Nutrition from the University of Bridgeport. What's more, Dr. Grisanti has had broad preparing in Functional Diagnostic Medicine and every now and again talks with patients enduring with hard to analyze medical issues like fibromyalgia, ceaseless exhaustion disorder, diabetes, hypertension, sadness, tension, indigestion and other testing wellbeing conditions. His outstanding achievement record has earned him the title, â€Å"Your Medical Detective. † Dr. Grisanti has found that numerous medical issues can be effective rewarded once the hidden reason has been found. He is known for his tirelessness and solid will to discover the main driver of a patient’s medical issue. In 2001, with his ever-developing adoration for research, Dr. Grisanti propelled his week by week clinical report named, â€Å"The Grisanti Report† and has composed more than 400 articles on a large group of ailments. His week by week reports have increased overall consideration and are currently perused in more than 40 nations around the globe. His rundown of endorsers has developed into the thousands. Just as of late, Dr. Grisanti propelled his restrictive enrollment site called YourMedicalDetective. com. Dr. Grisanti welcomes you to take a voyage through his new site. Go to www. YourMedicalDetective. com 3 This site gives you selective, top to bottom data and instruments to support you and your primary care physician track down the genuine reason for your wellbeing challenges and illuminate them. Dr. Grisanti might want to thank you for buying his advanced book named â€Å"How to Quickly and Easily Understand Your Blood Tests Without A Medical Degree. † I trust you will profit by a book that at last bodes well out of your blood science results. Fare thee well and appreciate the book. 4 Table of Contents Glucose Sodium Potassium Magnesium Chloride Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Creatinine BUN/Creatinine Ratio Uric Acid Phosphorus Calcium Albumin Calcium Albumin Ratio Globulin A/G Ratio Alkaline Phosphorus SGOT/AST and SGPT/ALT GGT LDH Total Protein Iron Ferritin Triglycerides Cholesterol LDL Cholesterol HDL Cholesterol/HDL Ratio CO2 White Blood Cell Count Neutrophils Monocytes Lymphocytes Eosinophils Basophils Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin Hematocrit Platelets Reticulocyte Count MCV MCH T3 T4 T7 T3 Update TSH Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 5 Comprehensive Blood Test Guide Don’t you simply loathe when you get your blood test back and you have definitely no clue about what every one of those numbers mean on a standard science profile? Well now you can utilize this book to assist you with understanding your test somewhat better. Glucose: This is the central wellspring of vitality for every living being. A level more prominent than 105 in somebody who has fasted for 12 hours proposes a diabetic propensity. In the event that this level is raised even in a non-fasting setting one must be worried that there is a hazard for creating diabetes. This is a fantastically ground-breaking test and can foresee diabetes ten years or more before one builds up the exacting meaning of diabetes which is levels more prominent than 120. Basic Causes of Glucose Increase: Diabetes, poor starch use, condition X Less Common Causes of Glucose Increase: Cerebral sores, uremia, pregnancy, intracranial weight, cushing’s malady, hyperthyroidism, incessant nephritis, contaminations, initial 24 hours after an extreme consume, pancreatitis, cerebral injuries, uremia, early hyperpituitarism Common Causes of Glucose Decrease: Fasting Hypoglycemia Clinical Note: LDH will as often as possible be diminished or in the low ordinary with Fasting Hypoglycemia, be that as it may, LDH will quite often be diminished with Reactive Hypoglycemia Less Common Causes of Glucose Decrease: liver harm, pancreatic adenoma, addison’s sickness (adrenal inadequacy), starvation, late hypopituitarism Carcinoma of islet tissue Clinical Adult Range: 70-115 mg/dL Optimal Adult Range: 85-100 mg/dL Red Flag Range 250 mg/dL Clinical Notes: Order Glycohemoglobin (HGB A1C) with serum glucose esteems over 160 and to screen diabetics under treatment Nutrition Tip: Thiamine Deficiency has been connected to increment in glucose levels 6 Sodium: This component assumes a significant job in salt and water balance in your body. A low level in the blood can be brought about by an excess of water admission, cardiovascular breakdown, or kidney disappointment. A low level can likewise be brought about by loss of sodium in looseness of the bowels, liquid or heaving. A significant level can be brought about by a lot of admission of salt or by insufficient admission of water. Clinical Adult Range: 135-145 Optimal Adult Range: 140-144 Red Flag Range 155 mmol/L Common Causes of Sodium Increase: Nephritis (kidney issues), drying out, hypercorticoadrenalism (expanded adrenal capacity) Clinical Notes: Water Softeners have been connected to cause an expansion in sodium Common Causes of Sodium Decrease: Reduced kidney filtration, loose bowels, Addison’s malady, adrenal hypo-work Potassium: This component is found basically inside the phones of the body. Low levels in the blood may show serious looseness of the bowels, liquor addiction, or extreme utilization of water pills. Low potassium levels can cause muscle shortcoming and heart issues. Clinical Adult Range: 3. 5-5. 0 Optimal Adult Range: 4. 0-4. 6 Red Flag Range 6. mmol/L Common Causes of Potassium Increase: Adrenal hypo-work, cortisol obstruction, acidosis, continuous tissue devastation Common Causes of Potassium Decrease: Diarrhea, diuretic use, kidney issues, adrenal hyperfunction Less Common Caus es of Potassium Decrease: Anemia, overdosage of testosterone, genetic intermittent loss of motion, hypertension Nutrition Tip: Excessive licorice utilization has been connected to bring down potassium levels 7 Magnesium: This significant component is found in the corridors, heart, bone, muscles, nerves, teeth. Clinical Adult Range: 1. 7-2. 4 Optimal Adult Range: 2. 2-2. 6 Red Flag Range 1. 6 mg/dL Common Causes of Creatinine Increase: Kidney Problems, Gout Clinical Note: If Creatinine is 1. or on the other hand higher in a male beyond 40 years old, Prostate Hypertrophy MUST be precluded Less Common Causes of Creatinine Increase: Renal Hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, congestive cardiovascular breakdown, urinary tract contamination, drying out Clinical Note: Suspect early nephritis ( kidney infection) if creatinine is between 2-4 mg/dL. Suspect extreme nephritis is creatinine is between 4-35 mg/dL Common Causes of Creatinine Decrease: Amyotonia congenita BUN/CREATININE RATIO BUN/ Creatinine Ratio: expanded qualities may show catabolic states, drying out, circulatory disappointment prompting fall in renal blood stream, congestive cardiovascular breakdown, intense and incessant renal (kidney) disappointment, urinary tract check, prostatic expansion, high protein diet. Diminished qualities may demonstrate overhydration, low protein/high sugar diet, pregnancy Clinical Adult Range: 6-10 Optimal Adult Range: 10-16 Red Flag Range 30 Common Causes of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Increase: Kidney issues Less Common Causes of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Increase: Catabolic states, prostatic hypertrophy, high protein diet, drying out, stun Common Causes of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Decrease: Low protein/high starch diet, pregnancy 10 URIC ACID Uric Acid: Uric corrosive is the final result purine digestion. Significant levels are found in gout, contaminations, high protein diets, and kidney infection. Low levels for the most part demonstrate protein and molybdenum (follow mineral) insufficiency, liver harm or an excessively corrosive kidney. Clinical Female Range: 2. 4-6. 0 mg/dL Clinical Male Range: 3. 4-7. 0 mg/dL Optimal Female Range: 3. 0-5. 5 mg/dL Optimal Male Adult Range: 3. 5-5. 9 mg/dL Red Flag Range 9. mg/dL Common Causes of Uric Acid Increase: Gout, kidney issues, a rteriosclerosis, joint pain Less Common Causes of Uric Acid Increase: Metallic harming (mercury

Taming Of The Shrew (197 words) Essay Example For Students

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom FOAM Parties at Stanford

Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom FOAM Parties at Stanford When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. At the Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB), Arjay Miller Scholars are those students in the top 10% of each class; the distinction was named after former GSB dean Arjay Miller. Happy hour events held every Tuesday night (the GSB has no classes on Wednesdays) are called  Friends of Arjay Miller (FOAM) parties, playfully suggesting that only the “friends” of Arjay Miller Scholarsâ€"rather than the studious scholars themselvesâ€"are the ones going out on the town that night.  FOAM parties are often themedâ€"as part of Vegas FOAM, which typically takes place in March, students dress in traditional 1970s attire and fly together to Las Vegas (a short trip from the San Francisco Bay Area) for a night of fun before returning to school the next day. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at the Stanford GSB  and 15 other top MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business) Blog Archive Beyond the MBA Classroom FOAM Parties at Stanford When you select an MBA program, you are not just choosing your learning environment, but are also committing to becoming part of a community. Each Thursday, we offer a window into life “beyond the MBA classroom” at a top business school. At the Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB), Arjay Miller Scholars are those students in the top 10% of each class; the distinction was named after former GSB dean Arjay Miller. Happy hour events held every Tuesday night (the GSB has no classes on Wednesdays) are called Friends of Arjay Miller (FOAM) parties, playfully suggesting that only the “friends” of Arjay Miller scholarsrather the studious Arjay Miller Scholars themselvesare the ones going out on the town that night. FOAM parties areoften themed, and as a part of Vegas FOAM, which typically takes place in March, students dress in traditional 1970s attire and fly together to Las Vegas (a short trip from the San Francisco Bay Area) for a night of fun before returning to school the next day. For in-depth descriptions of social and community activities at Stanford and 13 other top MBA programs, check out the mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Beyond the MBA Classroom Stanford University (Stanford Graduate School of Business)

Teaching Methods And Strategies For Teaching Styles

There has always been a debate on what kind of teaching styles work best, what the best curriculum to teach is, or how to effectively organize your classroom. Yet, nobody has discovered what the most effective teaching methods are. As future teachers, we must constantly be making decisions that will shape us into the teacher we would like to become. Over the course of the next four years, and even once we become teachers with classrooms of our own, we will be exposed to many different teaching methods and strategies. There is no one right or wrong way to teach, and it is up to us to decide how we would like to structure our classroom. While there are many teaching styles, it seems that there is predominantly two types of teachers according to John Dewey: those that are reflective, and those that are not. Unreflective teachers tend to accept the routines that are given to them by the school they are working for. They spend their days working to solve problems who have been created by others for them. Reflective teachers on the other hand, are constantly evaluating their beliefs, teaching methods and behaviors and modifying those things so that it works with the situation they are in. Dewey believe that in order to be a reflective teacher, you must have three different components to your attitude: open-mindedness, responsibility, and wholeheartedness. In being open-minded, you must be willing to listen to both sides of the argument and willing to use an alternative way ofShow MoreRelatedTeaching Strategies For Learning Style Preferences853 Words   |  4 PagesBeck matches three teaching strategies to learning style preferences. During which he attempts to link the 4MAT system, Dunn’s LSI, and the Renzulli Smith’s LSI to teaching strategies associated to display individual learning preferences linked to the brain’s hemispheres. The 4MAT system and Dunn’s LSI is teacher driven teaching strategies while the Renzulli Smith’s L SI allows student input into their teaching strategies. In linking the 4MAT system to teaching strategies, Beck further exploresRead MoreTeaching Styles in Physical Education 958 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher of any subject you use different styles of teachings that reflect you as a teacher and the lesson you are trying to teach. Sometimes it can be difficult to find what styles may work best in different situations. When teaching physical education the most helpful and beneficial styles are indirect, direct, and interactive teaching. These teaching styles are critical when trying to teach physical education because they are proven to be effective. These styles will help make you an effective teacherRead MoreEducation Is Part Of Everyday Life1037 Words   |  5 Pageslearning must take place. Everyone is different and has individual styles of learning. Learning styles is defined as an individual’s mode of gaining knowledge, especially a preferred or best method (dictionary .com) Therefore, individual must have a better way of teaching others, and same goes to the person receiving the teaching. Learning is optimized by providing instructional method in means suitable for individual’s learning styles. The VARK questionnaire or known as visual, aural/auditory, read/writeRead MoreTeaching Styles Of The Nurse Educators856 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Teaching Styles The nurse educators are faced with the challenge of adapting their teaching styles to accommodate a new generation of learners. An effective teacher should take into account the intellectual, social, and cultural characteristics of each student, whereas the students should identify that each teacher has a unique style of teaching. As part of the classroom-online teaching practicum course, I was privileged to shadow an instructor at the University of South FloridaRead MoreTeaching And Learning Styles And Teaching Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribe different practices of teaching and learning. Teaching Australia (2008) defined pedagogy as ‘the art and science of educating children, the strategies for using teacher professional knowledge, skills and abilities in order to foster good learning outcomes’ (p.3). Teaching and learning is a two-way process. Teachers choose the effective instruction modes to disseminate knowledge. Students adapt to different learning styles and use different learning strategies to help them process the informationRead MoreThe Importance Of Nursing Role In Patient Education1275 Words   |  6 Pagespractice that included teaching and demonstrating health care actions to patients, their families, other health care workers and the community at large. The world Health Organization deems patient education is important to person and family centered care, especially for the nurses because nurses are the patient’s first contact with the health care system (Harris and Lloyd 2012). Principles of teaching and learning published in 1997 mentioning about the importance of teaching nurses for their educativeRead MoreThe Gap Between Intention And Action1014 Words   |  5 PagesPhysical Education, as it is in many branches of education. In order to combat The Spectrum of Teaching Styles not being fully understood or utilised sufficiently in teaching, it is vital a systematic and clear approach to bridging the gap betw een intention and action is implemented. In 1966 Muska Mosston introduced the Spectrum of Teaching Styles to the field of Physical Education. The Spectrum delineates teaching–learning options; it equips teachers with the fundamental knowledge for developing a repertoireRead MoreThe Role Of Nurse Educator Essay1132 Words   |  5 Pagesnurse educator. My interest in teaching comes from my own positive experiences as an undergraduate student and from a love of learning. My educational philosophy is a work in progress as I continue to grow as a nurse, educator, and scholar of nursing education. As a novice nursing educator today, I plan on progressing to the path of an expert. The purpose of this paper is to express my educational philosophy in terms of teaching and learning, teaching and learning strategies, student learning goals, andRead MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1031 Words   |  5 Pages VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved inRead MoreStudent Motivation And Academic Success1568 Words   |  7 Pagesof a student in college – motivation, learning preferences/styles, socioeconomic status, whether or not the student is a first generation college student, gender, and even race. With so many factors potentially contributing or hindering a student’s academic success in college; it is important for teachers to attempt to connect with students in the classroom. Adjusting instructional methods that focus on students’ learning preferences/styles can increase student motivation and can lead to academic success

`` Animal Rights, Human Wrongs `` By Tom Regan - 893 Words

Everyday individuals attempt to utilize a argument to influence individuals on a certain point which intrigues them or they are attempting to demonstrate to the world the true importance of something. In Animal Rights,Human Wrongs. writer Tom Regan discuss shows us how whales and many different animals are murdered on Earth utilizing his knowledge, records he observed and even realistic accounts of how some of these creatures are tormented and slaughtered by people. In his arguement he utilizes clear example of ethos because of his subtle descriptions and facts in light of his encounters. Another supporting detail in his arguement are the terms logos and pathos in which he utilizes these to clarify observer records and facts of what is done to the creatures and he uses meetings of other individuals to give descriptions on how all killings happen. Regan is extremely educated in the way that he comprehends what the laws state and which zones the majority of these killings happen in. Toward the start of his contention he starts by discussing how certain types of creatures are protected by agreement of the member nations of the lnternational Whaling Commission (Regan 555). In this quote, Regan utilizes ethos by expressing which organization of people are depended upon for perserving the species that s facing extinction. He provides us clear details on how the butchers of these whales work and he offers a perspective of how the teams that do these executions work in theShow MoreRelated Animal Rights, Human Wrongs vs. The Damned Human Race Essay544 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Rights, Human Wrongs vs. The Damned Human Race â€Å"Animal Rights, Human Wrongs† by Tom Regan and â€Å"The Damned Human Race† by Mark Twain are more similar than different. Both of the authors are informing the readers about the mentality of some human beings in regard to animals. One of the authors, Tom Regan provides several examples of the tactics man uses to harm animals. Mark Twain’s method compares so called lower animal to the human being. In both stories, the way that man treats animals isRead MoreAnimal Rights, Human Wrongs929 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Animal and Human Rights Should animals be used for humans joy or prosperity? People still are yet to agree on if animals should be basically used for anything that humans want, or if animals deserve their own rights. The viewpoint from animal believers is that there are no advantages fro using animals, but from a scientist and researchers viewpoint animals can be helped and are necessary for human’s existence. In both essays, â€Å"Animal Rights, Human Wrongs† by Tom Regan and â€Å"Proud to beRead MoreAnimal Rights: Comparing the Views of Hasselstrom and Regan Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages1103-39 24 October 2011 Animal Rights: Comparing the Views of Hasselstrom and Regan Imagine an animal’s feeling of panic and fear as it is about to be killed by a hunter or the isolation experienced as an animal sits in a laboratory, separated from its family and natural habitat, waiting to be harmed by harsh testing methods. Imagine the frightened state of a mother or father watching their innocent baby being captured. After considering the brutality towards animals in these scenarios, take intoRead MoreDo Animals Have A Say?: Comparative Analysis of Animal Rights, Human Wrongs and Proud to be Speciecist1188 Words   |  5 Pagesof animal testing for human advantages has always been a debatable topic. It is still undecided whether the use of animals for human benefits is morally right. On the other hand it is scientists and researchers who think that animals are good testing subjects because of various reasons such as preventing harmful products or finding cures to diseases. The two essays â€Å"Animal Rights, Human Wrongs† by Tom Regan and â€Å"P roud to be Speciesist† by Stephen Rose talk about the concerns of animal rights butRead MoreCan It Be Morally Permissible At Eat Meat When Plant Based Foods Are Available?1557 Words   |  7 Pagesavailable? In this paper my aim is it to explain why this is morally wrong to do. One problem with eating meat is humans are putting animals in unnecessary pain. Another problem is that the majority of our environmental destruction on our planet is due to agriculture. Philosophers Peter Singer and Tom Regan, both back up this view with their own arguments. It doesn’t make sense to eat meat when there is no need to do so. Humans can live long, happy, and healthy lives on an all plant-based food dietRead MoreThe Ethics Of Animal Research Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesPHILOSOPHY 106 - Is the use of Animals in Biomedical Research Morally Justified? Animals have been treated immorally since the beginning of time, this is shown by hunting, farming, trapping, testing of products and biomedical research etc. As humans, majority of us claim animals as our resources as we use them for eating, making clothing, (leather and fur jackets, shoes) working animals, as a means of transport, animal testing etc. In this essay I will discuss the use of animals in biomedical researchRead MoreThe Debate On Animal Rights910 Words   |  4 Pagesof thought on animal protection. First, is the tenet that animals should have rights and the second, more radical view, is that animals should be liberated. Many of the rights that are promoted for animals are similar to the rights of human democratic societies. 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Animal rights is simply moral privileges that should be considered for all non-human animals due to the fact that it is typically argued that these non-human animals encompass some form of emotional pain

Similarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism Essay - 902 Words

Christianity Versus Hinduism Christianity and Hinduism, are two of the worlds oldest religions. Although they are very different religions they share one main goal; salvation. However, their idea of salvation and what they have to do ,and what must be done to attain salvation are very different. Two main similarities between the Hindu religion and Christian religion are referred to by different titles; nevertheless they are represented by the same action. One example of these similarities would be prayer and meditation. Christians pray to God to ask for forgiveness and help such as healing and strength. However Hindus practice meditation, this is a type of prayer that starts with a poem, believed to be written by their god.Hinduism vs. Christianity.( Hindunet.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2016.) Hindus meditate to reach inner peace which in return gives them strength and healing. Some secs of Hinduism even call meditation prayer, and even require it to be done three times a day. ( 1stholistic.com) Both the Christian religion, as well as Hindu religion, believe they have to strive to be at their best morally at all times. Christians do this to be more Christ like in hopes that people will see Christ in them and in turn want to follow and serve him. Nonetheless, Hindus believe this helps them to reach enlightenment, which pleases their god and this will bring them closer to their salvation. Also differences exist as well. First, Christians believe in and serve one God, theShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism1560 Words   |  7 Pages and Buddha. Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the world’s oldest religion. Since Buddhism developed from Hinduism they can be very similar however, they are not the same because both religions have different types of rituals, founders, and gods. They also have different views on life and enlightenment. In this paper I will discuss the foundations and practices of both religions and then move into a discussion comparing and contrasting the two religions. Hinduism is a very interesting religionRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism1390 Words   |  6 Pagesas Lord of Dance.† These are two completely different pieces of art but they have similarities that are worth acknowledging. Both of these pieces derive from India during the same time period, made with the same materials, and both fall under the religions of Hinduism. Not only do the details of the pieces help explain the art, but so does the culture and the religion practiced at the time the piece was made. Hinduism is a major religion in India that is practiced by almost everyone. This is whereRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe world has many different religions. Asia has had many religions spring up. Out of these Buddhism and Hinduism are the most popular beliefs in the general population. Hinduism is the oldest known religion and is very rich with literally hundreds of gods, symbolistic rituals and beliefs. It is believed to have been established around 1500 B.C. but one person never founded Hinduism as it evolved over a long period of time. Buddhism on the other hand has a definite founder, Siddhartha Gautama whoRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism1167 Words   |  5 Pagesto an assortment of religions and proto-religions being practiced. One of the most recognized religions in modernity, Hinduism, can trace its linage back to what is essentially the birth of organized religion. Hinduism has evolved and thrived, and toda y it boasts a pantheon of thirty-three million deities. Due to the tremendous amount of divine beings, those who practice Hinduism find themselves devoted to only a few â€Å"major† deities. This group, consisting of those being worshipped, features a hierarchyRead MoreSimilarities Between The And Of Hinduism1673 Words   |  7 Pagessuperstations. Whether it is Hindus in Hinduism, Christians in Christianity or Muslims in Islam. They all practice a certain code of conduct that is established from years ago. But people practice certain traditions or rituals as a means of gaining psychological benefits or sociological benefits. Psychology is the academic study of the mental functions of human beings and Sociology is the scientific study of human social behaviors. As a strong follower and believer of Hinduism I find myself falling victimRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism995 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay Hinduism and Buddhism There are more than seven billion people living across the world and about 19 major religions with about 270 subgroups. In many states and countries, there are two or more religions that are being practiced by its residents. Hinduism and Buddhism are two of the 19 major religions, that are widely practiced. Hinduism and Buddhism both have common origins, and share similar beliefs. Both Hinduism and Buddhism are religions that focus on the way to liveRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism948 Words   |  4 PagesBoth Hinduism and Buddhism came from the region called India. Hinduism was the dominant one in the subcontinent, while Buddhism had to flee to other regions to spread its belief to the people. The creation of Hinduism will eventually give birth to Buddhism later on. Even though both â€Å"religions† came from the same region, they have some similarities and differences between them. Hinduism from the start was a combination of different beliefs or ceremonies from the Indus Valley Civilization. All ofRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism863 Words   |  4 PagesPHIL 2120 Paper #1 Xinyang Wang Comparison of Permanence between Hinduism and Buddhism Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in the Ganges culture of northern India around 500 BCE. We have to admit that they share a lot of similarities, but also involve tons of differences. For example, as Hinduism claims that Atman is Brahman, Buddhism reject the existence of Atman. Hindus think that the way to becoming enlightened is to union with God, but Buddhists pursue a throughout understanding of theRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism856 Words   |  4 PagesLearning about both Hinduism and Buddhism, particularly about the art and architecture of both cultures made me realize they are not that different as I thought first. Both cultures are beautiful and rich, and if someone takes a deeper look can see that they are depending on each other. Many people forget that Buddha was born into a Hindu society, and his views and beliefs which led to a brand new culture are based on Hinduism. Of course I am not saying the two are the same because that wouldn’tR ead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Buddhism975 Words   |  4 PagesHinduism and Buddhism have a connected history as both of these religions use similar teachings and terminologies to maintain order among their respective followers and societies. Ideally a society’s religious teachings should contribute to its political, social, economic and cultural discussions. However, correlating this way of thinking to a political theology may prove to be difficult because most people have more important matters to be concerned about than adhering to morale. Various people

Expatriate Management at AstraZeneca †Free Sample Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Expatriate Management at AstraZeneca? Answer: Introduction: This assignment deals with a case study that analyzes the expatriate management issues that can occur in an organizational structure. This assignment focuses on a pharmaceutical company namely AstraZeneca. It is the fifth largest pharmaceutical organization in the world with revenues of US$ 31.6 billion and around 66,000 employees across the world. Over the years, AstraZeneca has able to build a strong reputation for handling its expat management practices. Around 350 employees of AstraZeneca are working on both short-term and long-term international assignments. AstraZeneca provided language and cultural training to their potential expat so that they can able to handle issues in a different culture. This case study critically analyzes AstraZenecas expats policies. Discussion: The term expatriate defines an employee sent to a different country by his/her company to manage operations. In an organization, expat is an employee who works and lives in a foreign location other than his/her home country. AstraZenecas policy for international assignments stipulates that a business rationale had to be present to handle any issue. To implement this, AstraZeneca team up the potential expats with an international assignment manager (IA manager), who brief the expats on organization policies and opportunities. The expats also provided with several trainings by AstraZeneca before leaving for any international assignment. AstraZeneca provides this training to give information about the culture of the host country, particularly the major differences with the expats home country. Sometimes for follow-up workshops in the assigned country, expats stayed in touch with their IA manager in addition to the home country manager. AstraZeneca provides necessary flexibilities that are required for the expats to achieve a work/life balance. According to its HR manager, AstraZeneca is aware of the fact that they are working across various time zones. Hence, their expats are provided with several considerations so that their work/life can remain in balance. For this, AstraZeneca implemented a combination of things to have a culture that supports work/life balance. Some expats of AstraZeneca felt that practices like preparing employees for different international assignments, giving them support and assigning IA managers were very effective. As these practices, encourage expats to perform well in unknown environments. However, there are some complaints from companys expat population regarding work/life balances. According to them, the company will send fewer people on an international assignment because of the poor performance of the economy. Since sending people on international projects costs highly, the company will have to take a second look at the situation. Many also predicted a cut of compensation associated with international projects. AstraZenecas step of cutting costs by sending employees on short-term international assignments also influences this thought. On the other hand, AstraZeneca has cleared that they do not have any plan in near future to deploy their international staffs. Since dealing with international assignments are critical, companies need to look at several factors beyond expenditure to identify the right person to perform this job. AstraZeneca also announced that they are more concern about choosing right person rather than the costs associated with it. Hence before choosing anyone, AstraZeneca can consider some factors (Vaiman et al., 2015). An employees willingness to serve overseas is a key measure for identifying expat. Since this job demands geographical relocation, AstraZeneca can fill out an application by their existing employees. In that application form, AstraZeneca can ask their employees whether they are willing to relocate internationally and their preferred location. AstraZeneca also needs to be consistent in their practices and procedures for expatriates. AstraZeneca has policies that are written with the expats in mind (Czajor, 2015). However, AstraZeneca needs to ensure these policies are applied to all the expatriates around the world. Key issues like reimbursement, compensation packages and benefits are needed to be cleared to the expats before assigning them any international projects. A support network is also crucial for expats. However, AstraZeneca's practices of assigning IA managers are praised by their expatriates immensely; still company need to keep focus on not to rushed employees on foreign a ssignments (Marples Gravelle, 2014). When expats are on foreign assignments, they can be under immense stress due to transitions of roles, differences in language, values, culture and expectations (Hayat, 2014). As a result, AstraZeneca needs to be extremely cautious in choosing right expats for the right positions and at the right locations. AstraZeneca can build a personal development committee between departmental staff and human resource staff to nominate most suitable candidate for the assignment. After this, IA managers need to conduct a telephonic interview to choose the right candidate (Smith Tornikoski, 2012). Informing employees about the content of the assignment is very crucial because an expatriates nomadic lifestyle is not for everyone (De Cieri Bardoel, 2015). By providing information, AstraZeneca can give their expats a realistic overview of the job that will help expatriates to handle stress during the assignment more easily. AstraZeneca also needs to provide proper educational counseling for expats children. This will help expatriates family to settle down in an unknown country. Otherwise, expatriates may not fully devote themselves to work responsibilities which will in turn reduce expats productivity (Dabic et al., 2015). AstraZeneca can also arrange a pre-assignment trip to give a realistic overview of the assignment that the expatriates are expected to perform. Pre-assignment trip can be a key factor as it gives a realistic overview to the expatriates about the kind of challenges he/she will have to face during the assignment (McEvoy Buller, 2013). Pre-assignment trip also helps expatriates by providing them firsthand experience to the culture in which they are going to work during the assignment. Cultural training is also a key factor, as it helps employees to deal with unpredictable incidents in the new culture. The ability to adapt different culture is one of the most essential elements of a successful expatriate (Bonache Noethen, 2014). However, AstraZeneca is known for the kind of training they provide to their employees. Still more is focus needed to be given to this factor. As every international assignment associated with lots of money, company need to be certain about its decisions. Other wise, it might fail to recover its investments (Berry Bell, 2012). Conclusion: Building a proper expat system is like constructing a building, that is tall strong and attractive. Pre-departure support from the organization is a long process that prepares expatriates for their overseas assignment. This continues support for expats during the foreign assignments allows them to adjust and response to several encounters in differential cultural environment. AstraZeneca is considered as one the best in the world in providing support to the expatriates. Since, it is very much focused on providing right kind of training and support to its expats. AstraZenecas policies of providing IA manager have been praised highly by its employees. Since these managers have provided them the right kind of support to deal with several challenges in foreign cultural environments. AstraZeneca's key challenges will be to link foreign assignments directly to their company's carrier paths in order to be able to take advantages of the skills and experiences that expats develop during their transfers in long-term foreign assignments. AstraZeneca has already taken initiatives to provide proper carrier path to its expected expatriates. The changes of expats management of several MNCs indicate that the other companies are also considering the issue of expat management very seriously. Changes in the way of perceiving carrier among the younger generations suggest that employees are not completely willing to focus on their professional lives on a single employer. Therefore, organizations have lot to lose if they do not handle their foreign assignments properly. Hence, it is critical for AstraZeneca to identify and develop their future expat management strategies in response to evolving corporate needs. References: Berry, D. P., Bell, M. P. (2012). Expatriates: gender, race and class distinctions in international management.Gender, Work Organization,19(1), 10-28. Bonache, J., Noethen, D. (2014). The impact of individual performance on organizational success and its implications for the management of expatriates.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(14), 1960-1977. Czajor, J. (2015). Expatriate Management/International Assignment Policy. InDos and Donts in Human Resources Management(pp. 131-133). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Dabic, M., Gonzlez-Loureiro, M., Harvey, M. (2015). Evolving research on expatriates: what is knownafter four decades (19702012).The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(3), 316-337. De Cieri, H., Bardoel, E. A. (2015). A Framework for Work-Life Management in Multinational Corporations. InWork and Family Interface in the International Career Context(pp. 197-217). Springer International Publishing. Hayat, S. A. (2014). A survival strategy for small businesses: The need to adapt global HR practices.Global Journal of Human Resource Management,2(2), 13-24. Marples, D. J., Gravelle, J. G. (2014). Corporate expatriation, inversions, and mergers: Tax issues. McEvoy, G. M., Buller, P. F. (2013). Research for practice: The management of expatriates.Thunderbird International Business Review,55(2), 213-226. Smith, M., Tornikoski, C. (2012). Ethical issues for international human resource management.Business Ethics: A Critical Approach: Integrating Ethics Across the Business World, 317. Vaiman, V., Haslberger, A., Vance, C. M. (2015). Recognizing the important role of self-initiated expatriates in effective global talent management.Human Resource Management Review,25(3), 280-286.

ChaucerS The Canterbury Tales Essays - The Canterbury Tales

Chaucer'S The Canterbury Tales Deceit Then and Now Chaucers, The Canterbury Tales, ridicule some common human frailties. Some of the frailties exposed satirize the church. Two characters whose weaknesses do such are The Pardoner and The Wife of Bath who are manipulative, selfish, and deceitful all characteristics despised by the church. The Pardoner is manipulative in many ways. One is that he can make people believe nearly anything he says. He can get them to believe things will happen, no matter how preposterous they seem. By speaking in Latin, and by using fancy language, he is able to convince people many things, such as if they wear a certain mitten, their grain will multiply. The Pardoner will say whatever he has to in order to make his fortune. The Wife of Bath is selfish. Everything she does is in one way or another for her own good. Three of her husbands were good and two of them were bad. The only reason the good ones are good is because they were old and rich. She wanted a husband who would be her slave. Everything that went wrong, she blamed on her husbands, even if it was her own fault. Both The Pardoner and The Wife of Bath are deceitful in their ways. The Pardoner manages to convince people into believing almost anything he says. The Wife of Bath is basically able to seduce men and get them to marry her. The manipulative actions of The Pardoner and the selfish actions of The Wife of Bath are all deceiving to the church. The deceitful actions of both The Pardoner and The Wife of Bath were against the church. By creating these characters, and showing how people can be manipulative, selfish, and deceitful, Chaucer can reveal what kind of people existed in his time, as well as today. English Essays

The Scarlet Letter1 essays

The Scarlet Letter1 essays In the book The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a character by the name of Roger Chillingworth had committed the unpardonable sin and he basically killed another character, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. Everyone has been in a position where they have had the chance of manipulating or blackmailing someone. Chillingworth did exactly that and ended up breaking down Dimmesdale to his death. Dimmesdale was not the single one affected by Chillingworths deeds. Chillingworth had a spouse, but no one knew of their relationship. Her name was Hester Prynne and she had an illegitimate child named Pearl. The Reverend Dimmesdale had an affair with Hester, and he is the real father of Pearl. Throughout the novel the people of Boston were withheld this information, along with the information of Hesters real husband. Chillingworth was a physician, or back in those days a doctor was called a leech. Dimmesdale started to feel ill, thus starting the beginning of his end. Dimmesdale became not simply a patient of Chillingworth, but a roommate as well. Being in such close contact with Dimmesdale, Chillingworth has come to know the ministers most private emotions, and he has begun to suspect that Dimmesdales illness is the result of a deep secret that has at no time been confided with another. In a sequestered conversation with Hester, Chillingworth made a vow to descry the real father of Pearl, and expose him. In a conversation with Dimmesdale, Chillingworth brings up the question of why an individual would be willing to carry secret sins to his grave sooner than confess them during his lifetime. Dimmesdale and Chillingworth exchange their thoughts. One of Chillingworths was, Wouldst thou have me to believe, O wise and pious friend, that a false show can be better-can be more for Gods glory, or mans welfare-than Gods own truth? Trust me, such me ...

Contemporary Modern Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Contemporary Modern Art - Essay Example The essay "Contemporary Modern Art" discovers the modern art. New York is a city of museums, a sight that can be most overwhelming at the best of times. MoMA, the museum of modern art is among the very best of modern museums in the world today. Started in the 1920s by visionaries like John Rockefeller, New York became the hub of the modern art world when the Nazis were taking control of Europe. Initially, MoMA promoted the works of modern artists like Pollock, Warhol, and Arbus, but with time, the museum has grown and has a collection of over 150,000 paintings, sculptures, and photographs. The museum continues to expand even today. The museum has an outstanding collection of photographs from artists of the eras gone by and contemporary. Some of the best photographs can be seen here, including some brilliant portraits by Diane Arbus. Museums preserve noted works of artists. Many such seminal works in the modernist canon base their work on the female nude: Manet’s Olympia, Cezan ne’s Grand Bathers, Picasso’s Demoiselles of Avignon, Henri Matisse’s Pink Nude, Henry Moore’s Reclining Nude. The project of questioning art object’s in relationship to the gallery centers around several assumptions: There is something worth displaying; There is a specific context for display. The cramped basements of museum reveal reputations lost and names forgotten, a storehouse that reminiscence works once given prominence, now no more than an enthusiasm of a specialist or just a historical curiosity. Museums are intended to bring to life a past history to the visitor, therefore in more than one way, the countenance of the museum where arts are displayed, should have prominence too. Galleries such as the Musee d' Orsay and the Tate Galleries in Liverpool and Millbank in London are part of urban regeneration packages, sited in disused industrial buildings, obsolete railway stations, warehouses and power stations. The eccentric nature of the buildings is complimented by remarkably similar displays across the institutions. This is why one gets to sense the presentation of modern art in puritanically regulated white-walled rooms with strategically placed spotlights and humidity monitors, analogical to all modern art galleries across the globe (Meecham and Sheldon, 2000, p.198-99). Museums are the spaces in which histories and the fixtures and fittings of meaning are installed. There is no dearth to the kind of exhibits available across a diverse spectrum of museums globally. The Museum of Modern Art in New York, the first museum to devote itself exclusively to modern art, was founded in 1929, the year in which the stock market crashed and America witnessed the Great Depression. It has been the most influential modern art museum, not just in terms of design and display but in the definition of the art that would be considered modern.

Marketing Strategy Text and Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marketing Strategy Text and Cases - Essay Example The firm’s versatility and diversity in terms of leadership and management have increased and maintained its client base to over 60 million users daily. This has been achieved through a leadership style that is characterized by decentralization, free-thinking, and delegation of duties and responsibilities as a culture within the organization (Lowry, 2005). As a multimedia sports entertainment company ESPN has had tremendous headways into profitability by entering into a contract with the National Football League (NFL). This deal has seen ESPN’s TV channels gain a massive following for screening live NFL games to millions of Americans (Green, Costa & Fitzgerald, 2002). Targeting the youth in their strategies have seen the firm increase its viewership base and bolster the loyalty of its customers for years to come. To keep up with the competition, ESPN has increasingly been paying higher prices to lock up new major league baseball and pro football rights from their competitors like Comcast (Ferrell, 2012). Competition has had to spend more money to deliver the same quality of sports entertainment to its customers due to increased competition. This threatens the firm’s envisaged growth because current expenditure leaves little resources to be invested in new projects (Subramani, & Rajagopalan, 2003). ESPN charges the higher fee for its cable services compared to other companies, which has generated a lot of ill will towards the company. ESPN risks losing a lot if its phone project does not gain attention in the market, which will translate to the idea being a white elephant for the firm. Adopting cross-platform strategies including the social media will bolster the firm’s advertisement field and help it reach audiences (Churchill Jr, & Iacobucci, 2009).

Fairways by Robert Robertson Essay Example for Free

Fairways by Robert Robertson Essay In the United States civil rights movements had been one of the most important groups which expressed the right of a person in defending their belief regarding different aspects in life such as gender, class, race and the likes. Looking back at the situation of the United States during the time of civil rights movements of Martin Luther King Jr., people of color were very active in presenting the whole nation that they are not slaves. They have fought for many, many years until the time they were able to make the whole United States of America and the whole world the rights of a human being should not be limited by the skin color that he or she has. A human being is a human being not matter what color, race or language he or she knows. In the recent times, it is known that the problem with race is not as evidently seen in the eyes of other people. Most of the discrimination is taking place within small groups and communities similar to what happened to six golfers who were living in Beaumont Texas. It is known the golf is a sport that only needs the ability to swing a ball from its place. There are no levels of intelligence, height, weight, color, and the likes are needed in order to play well in the game of golf. Therefore, every one does have the right to play in any place that they want. Individuals must not be limited by the fact that they are African Americans wanting to play and enjoy the sport. In June 14 1955, a group of six African Americans have filled a complaint against Tyrell and Central Parks, a golf club in Beaumont Texas. The six individuals were all members of the Beaumont Golf Club. They were all requesting for access in order for them to pay in the Tyrell and Central Parks. However, the park was strictly limited only to white colored people and restricts African-Americans due to the issue of racial segregation during those times. The group needed to travel 18 miles in order to play 18 holes of Golf in Houston in order to enjoy the sport. As this situation happened, the group has realized the unfair treatment which was provided to them. Therefore, they have campaigned for equal rights. As they went to the government to present their complaint, they have seen that there are actions which had taken in order to clarify this type of discrimination. There are numerous recommendations to study variety of aspects with regards to providing golfing facilities in colored golfing parks. But then, no actions had been taken in order to formalized these types of demands from the people. In the statement provided by the Mayor he has stated that, â€Å"This council is would always act for the best of the people in the city†¦. However â€Å"would not vote to do anything that might cause strife for the people who life there† (Robertson, 2005, p. 4). In seeing this view point of a person who has not experienced racial segregation, there is a great feeling that discrimination is truly evident in the lines provided by the Mayor. As a authority, he should know that the scope of being equality must be experienced by the many people. Satisfaction with regards to the life of each individual must be done without harming other people. In the view of providing the entertainment of the people, colored people must be able to enjoy what other people could freely and easily get pleasure from. As stated in the book in the Prologue there are variety of aspects in which the colored parks do not provide. One of those things was the golfing facilities which were demanded by the Beaumont Golf Club. I n limiting the possibility of enjoying the sport in the easiest and fastest way (Tyrell and Central Park) African-Americans seems to be limited in the aspect of attaining quality time through a high level of effort of traveling 18 miles just to golf. Therefore, attaining entertainment seemed to be more difficult for African Americans. Beaumont Texas is a community in which was mainly occupied with white Americans. All the economic power which had been solely lying on the white community thus leading to the point that political power is also given to the white Americans. With such situation, the people who are leading the community are mostly leading to the bias of the white Americans. Such bias is experienced by the African Americans through an aspect such as having a decent gold club to play in. In the situation of the people the six people it is evident that inequality attained through having racial segregation in the community. The group of people who have proposed the concept racial segregation had positive thoughts with regards to the concept but obviously, the people who were leading the community and the whole country does not think of the good of all the people but all those that they could personally benefit from. In conclusion, the people who were in the government of Beaumont Texas during those times were simply attaining the best for the people of the community which were the white Americans. Given that most of the populations were white Americans as well as the leaders of the community the priority of having a satisfactory life must not only be provided to the whites but also the to African Americans. All of these people are equally paying their taxes to the government without hesitations or limit. Therefore, equal rights must be given to them. It is only proper, that the six African American golfers were able to fight for their right to enjoy what they deserve. References Robertson, R. (2005). Fair ways: how six black golfers won civil rights in Beaumont, Texas. Texas: Texas AM University Press.

Ulysses by Lord Alferd Tennyson :: Ulysses Lord Alferd Tennyson

Ulysses by Lord Alferd Tennyson Lord Alferd Tennyson presents to us in the poem â€Å"Ulysses† an old sailor, a warrior and a king who is in retrospection on his experiences of a lifetime of travel. Ulysses old age and strong will causes him to be restless and unable to be comfortable at home. He chooses a life of travel over his family because that is what he knows best. Because of his faults, we identify with his character. As a result, Ulysses attempts to go on to face a new but familiar journey, not knowing if it would be his last. By connecting with Ulysses' courage he awakens the heroic spirit in all of us. At home Ulysses is unable to adjust to old age. Regardless of his physical body he feels his spirit is still longing for travel. He feels as though his wife is too old, and he governs the people with no respect, â€Å"Matched with an aged wife, I mete and dole / Unequal laws unto a savage race, / That hord, and sleep, and feed, and know not of me†(3-5). Ulysses condescends his own son by describing his timidness to rule the people and how his son is more capable of the common duties. Ulysses boasts with a sense of superiority in trying to reassure himself. This is my son, mine own Telemachus, / To whom I leave the scepter and the isle- / Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfill / This labor, by slow prudence to make mild / A rugged people, and through soft degrees / Subdue them to the useful and the good. / Most blameless is he, centered in the sphere / Of common duties, decent not to fail / In offices of tenderness, and pay / Meet adoration to my household gods, / When I am gone. He works his work, I mine (33-43). Being a life long traveler prevented Ulysses from learning any of the responsibilities of being a father and a husband. Instead, he was traveling abroad consoling with kings, generals and gods, traveling to â€Å"cities of men / And manners, climates, councils, governments†(13-14). The only thing he gained from his travels was the unending quest for more. Retiring home is an unsatisfying dull life, which is impossible for Ulysses bear. After all the battles and fame he has won Ulysses realizes his old age and feels required to â€Å"pause, to make and end, / To rust unburnished, not to shine in use! / As though to breathe were life!†(22-24) Ulysses reveals on lines 25-31, his old age and fear of dying, but rejects death’s attempt to muscle its way into his life.

Attachment Theory

Can early insecure attachment doom the child to psychopathology in later life? Shaffer, (1993) defines attachment as a â€Å"close emotional relationship between two people two persons, characterised by mutual affection and desire to maintain proximity†. According to Browby, (1969) attachment behaviours are formed in infancy and help shape the attachment relationships people have as adults. Psychopathology’ refers to study of mental illness or mental health distress or the manifestation of behaviours and experiences that may be indicative of mental illness or psychological impairment (Allen, 1999).This essay will analyse how early insecure attachment doom the child to psychopathology in later life. The evaluation will show how attachment insecurity is a major contributor to mental disorders, and an amelioration of psychopathology. The critics of attachment will be analysed followed by a concise conclusion According to Bowlby, (1969) attachment begins in infancy and last s throughout a lifetime. A newborn baby immediately needs someone to take care of and Takahashi, (1999) both believed that this primary caregiver usually the mother, is the one that will most shape the child's personality and character within minutes of giving birth.It is important for the new parents and baby to be alone together right after the birth to establish an attachment bond. Elliot, (2003) assets that if there are too many individuals in the room right after birth, the natural process of attachment can be disrupted and this can have long-term effects on the relationship between the child and parents. Fathers, according Fraley, (2003) are expected also to establish a bond after the child is born. Researches reveal that fathers who have early contact with their child have a stronger bond with them in the months following the birth.Takahashi, (1999) commends that strong attachment between father and child is shown through physical contact. Fathers have a more physical relatio nship with the child while the mother's relationship is more verbal Takahashi, (1999). When the mother-infant interactions are observed, the mother is seen as nurturing and affectionate towards the infant, whereas father-infant interactions deal more with affiliation and play (Geiger, 1996). It has been shown that the fathers play interactions are more exciting and pleasurable to children than lay interactions with the mother (Geiger, 1996). Research reveals that parent-child bonds are most important in forming the child's personality (Allen, 1999). Insecure attachment doom the child to psychopathology in later life Bowlby, (1969) assets that human beings are born with an innate psychobiological system that motivates them to seek proximity to significant others in times of need. Bowlby, (1969) asserts that interactions with attachment figures promote a stable sense of attachment security and build positive mental representations of self and others.When a person’s attachment f igures is not reliably available and supportive, proximity seeking fails to relieve distress, felt security is undermined, negative models of self and others are formed, and the likelihood of later emotional problems and maladjustment increases (Harris, 1998).. Problems in emotional regulation, like relationship disturbances, are pervasive markers of psychopathology and such problems underlie most disorders of children and adults (Cole, 1994). Indeed, â€Å"emotional disturbance† often is used as a synonym for psychopathology.Emotional regulation is the defining feature of all close relationships and the central goal of early primary relationships (Sroufe, 1997). Anxious attachments do not cause later disorders; rather they initiate pathways for psychopathology. Psychopathology always is the result of the combination of risk and protective factors impacting on the individual's life over time (Schofield, 1999). Individual disturbance, in this view, begins as relationships are hypothesized to be the forerunners of many major childhood disorders and adult personality disorders as well.Relationship disturbances often precede the manifestation of individual pathology (Klaus, 1995). Moreover, relationship change has been shown to precede change and to influence the effect of other variables on psychopathology (Geiger, 1996) and this directly lead to a pathological outcome in a linear manner, yet it is certain that relationship experiences often are a crucial and waning of pathology. Research have established two basic dimensions of parenting as risk factors for psychopathology: (1) harsh treatment (hostility, criticality, ejection); and (2) lack of clear, firm discipline or supervision (Weiss, 1982). These factors together, and in interaction with other variables, are often especially predictive and at times capable of differentiating various pathological outcomes. Countless studies supported the view that child rejection, lack of support, and hostility are c onsistently related to depression (Klaus, 1995). Klaus, (1995) found that parental rejection and power assertive discipline predicted delinquent behaviour.Field, (1996) reported that aggressive treatment of children and low parental warmth predicted childhood depression (Elliot, 2003). Child maltreatment according to (Lynch, 1995) confirms that parental hostility and harshness is associated with conduct problems, disruptive behaviours disorders, attention problems, anxiety disorders (including PTSD and mood disorders. A study found that found that 9096 of children with an observed history of childhood maltreatment showed at least one diagnosable disorder at age 17'% years, compared to 3096 of the poverty control subjects who were not maltreated.Divorce, parental disharmony, and family violence all have been consistently associated with child behavioural and emotional problems (Brendgen, 2001). Such conditions are overlapping and numerous studies have shown children of divorce to hav e more problems than those in intact families (Harris, 1998). It is the case that behaviour problems often precede the divorce (Fraley, 2003) and that parental conflict is consistently found to be a stronger predictor of child maladjustment than marital status.Family violence has also been found to be associated with child pathology and numerous studies have documented a relation between a history of peer rejection and later maladjustment, both externalizing and internalizing problems (Pickover, 2002). Research has confirmed that infants with histories of secure attachment with their primary caregivers later are characterized by more effective self-regulation (Sroufe, 1997). Moreover, those with different kinds of anxious attachment histories behave in distinctive ways are unable to sustain interactions with peers, are disconnected from other children and/or how antipathy for them (Trowell, 1982). Those with anxious attachment histories have problems of one kind or another. Anxiety disorders are associated with histories of anxious attachment (Seiffge-Krenke, 1993) Aggression, and conduct disturbances have been found to be related to anxious/avoidant attachment Both resistant and avoidant attachment appear to be related to depression various aspects of emotional and cognitive experience (Klaus, 1995).When dealing with parental loss, one logical connection with psychoanalytic theory is disruption of parent-child bonds or dysfunctional relationships would lead to future impairments in the individual's capacity to develop relationships (Takahashi, 1999). Insecure attachment systems have been linked to psychiatric disorders, to which a child is especially susceptible after the loss of an attachment figure (Fraley, 2003).Children with insecure attachment patterns develop the inability to form secure attachments and react in a hostile, rejecting manner with their environment (Field, 1996). Severe attachment disorders cause the child to get close to an attachment fig ure, and then pull away before they can be rejected or they deem themselves unworthy in the eyes of the attachment figure (Field, 1996). Children with secure attachment patterns are capable of forming new attachment relationships while maintaining their current relationship with their parents (Weiss, 1982).Insecure children focus all of the attention on achieving a better relationship with their parents, therefore making it difficult to form new attachment relationships (Weiss, 1982). According to attachment theory, interactions with inconsistent, unreliable, or insensitive attachment figures interfere with the development of a secure, stable mental foundation; reduce resilience in coping with stressful life events; and predispose a person to break down psychologically in times of crisis (Geiger, 1996).Attachment insecurity can therefore be viewed as a general vulnerability to mental disorders, with the particular symptomatology depending on genetic, developmental, and environmental factors (Elliot, 2003). Brendgen, (2001) reviewed hundreds of cross-sectional, longitudinal, and prospective studies of both clinical and non-clinical samples and found that attachment insecurity was common among people with a wide variety of mental disorders, ranging from mild distress to severe personality disorders and even schizophrenia.Consistently results reveal that attachment insecurities of both the anxious and avoidant varieties are associated with depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Brendgen, 2001). Attachment insecurity is also a key feature of many personality disorders; however the specific kind of attachment insecurity differs across disorders (Trowell, 1982). Anxious attachment is associated with dependent, histrionic, and borderline disorders, whereas avoidant attachment is associated with schizoid and avoidant disorders (Trowell, 1982).Seiffge-Krenke, (1993) found that attachment anxiety i s associated with â€Å"emotional dysregulation a component of personality disorders, which includes identity confusion, anxiety, emotional liability, cognitive distortions, submissiveness, oppositionality, self-harm, narcissism, and suspiciousness. Seiffge-Krenke, (1993) also found that avoidant attachment is associated with â€Å"inhibitedness† component of personality problems, including restricted expression of emotions, problems with intimacy, and social avoidance.Another related issue concerning the associations between attachment insecurities and psychopathology is the extent to which attachment insecurities are a sufficient cause of mental disorders, such separation anxiety and pathological grief, in which attachment injuries are the main causes and themes, attachment insecurities are unlikely to be sufficient causes of mental disorders. Other factors e. g. genetically determined temperament; intelligence; life history and abuse converge to amplify the effects of att achment experiences on the way to psychopathology (Field, 1996).Many studies of large community samples have found no association between avoidant attachment and self-report measures of global distress, however, studies that focus on highly stressful events, such as exposure to missile attacks, living in a dangerous neighborhood, or giving birth to a handicapped infant, have indicated that avoidance is related to greater distress and poorer long-term adjustment (Allen, 1999). It has been noted that the association between attachment insecurity and depression is higher among adults with a childhood history of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse.People exposed to stressful life events; poverty, physical health problems, and involvement in turbulent romantic relationships during adolescence also strengthen the link between attachment insecurity and psychopathology (Harris, 1998). Attachment insecurities seem to contribute nonspecifically too many kinds of psychopathology (Trowell, 1982) however; particular forms of attachment insecurity seem to predispose a person to particular configurations of mental disorders.The attachment-psychopathology link is moderated by a large array of biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors, and mental disorders and may erode a person’s sense of attachment security. If attachment insecurities are risk factors for psychopathology, then the creation, maintenance, or restoration of a sense of attachment security should increase resilience and improve mental health. According to attachment theory, interactions with available and supportive attachment figures impart a sense of safety, trigger positive emotions and provide psychological resources for dealing with problems and adversities (Trowell, 1982).Takahashi, (1999) believed that parents should not be totally held responsible for the way their child develops. They should be held responsible to a point, because after all, they did give them their genes and they do have some influence. Children rely more on their social group in the shaping of their personality and development of psychopathology Also, Field (1996) argue that the mother is not always the primary attachment figure, so it cannot be assumed that she always will be.The causal links between attachment and psychopathology are also complicated and research findings show that psychological problems can increase attachment insecurity (Pickover, 2002). There is also preliminary evidence that a sense of security provided by a psychotherapist improves a client’s mental health. Pickover, (2002) found that a client’s positive appraisals of his or her therapist’s sensitivity and supportiveness predicted relief from depression and maintenance of therapeutic benefits.According to attachment theory and research, lack of parental sensitivity and responsiveness contributes to disorders of the self, characterized by lack of self-cohesion, doubts about one’s internal coherence and continuity over time, unstable self-esteem, and over-dependence on other people’s approval (Allen, 1999). Insecure people are likely to be overly self-critical, plagued by self-doubts, or prone to using defenses, such as destructive perfectionism, to counter feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness (Allen, 1999). According to attachment heory, recurrent failures to obtain support from attachment figure interfere with acquisition of social skills and create serious problems in interpersonal relations (Field, 1996). Fraley, (2003) using an assessment device â€Å"Inventory of Interpersonal Problems found that attachment anxiety was associated with more interpersonal problems in general and avoidant people generally had problems with nurturance and anxious people had problems with emotionality. According to Harris (1998) parents do not shape their child's personality or character.A child's peers have more influence on them than their parents e. g take children w hose parents were immigrants, a child can continue to speak their parent's native language at home, but can also learn their new language and speak it without an accent, while the parent’s accent remains. Children learn these things from their peers because they want to fit in (Harris, 1998). If a child is brought up in a crime-ridden area, they will be predisposed to committing these same kinds of crimes (Klaus, 1995) because of the high rate of peer pressure and because they want to fit in to the group.Even if the parents try to bring up their children the best way possible, chances are that if they associate with delinquents, they will become ones, but if you take a child headed down the wrong path and move him to new environment, chances are he will get himself on the right track, because he is trying to fit in with a new peer group (Harris, 1998). Children will not use everything that they learned from their parents. In some social settings, these lessons may not be corr ect or embarrassing to use.Children learn how to behave, for the most part, from other people in their social group. Adults do the same; they act more like people in their social groups rather than their parents. Children from the same parents reared in the same home are no more alike than if they were raised in separate homes. Even if parents try to raise two children the same way, they will still behave differently from each other (Harris, 1998). The model attachment is based on behaviors that occur during momentary separations (stressful situations) rather than during no stressful situations (Elliot, 2003).A broader understanding of attachment requires observation of how the mother and infant interact and what they provide for each other during natural, no stressful situations† (Field, 1996). How children and mothers interact together and not stressed shows more of how the attachment model works than how the child acts when the mother leaves and then returns. Behavioursâ₠¬â„¢ directed towards the attachment figure during departing and reunion times cannot be the only factor used when defining attachment (Elliot, 2003).Another problem with the attachment model is that the list of attachment behaviours are constricted to those that occur with the primary attachment figure, other attachments are not necessarily characterized by those same behaviours† (Field, 1996). Children have attachments to other people other than their mothers, but they do not show this attachment the same way (Geiger, 1996). The mother is viewed as the primary attachment figure, when in fact; a father or sibling can have the same type of attachment with the infant at the same time.This relates to adults having more than one principal attachment, such as to their spouse and child (Trowell, 1982). Attachment insecurities are associated with a wide variety of mental disorders, ranging from mild negative affectivity to severe, disorganizing, and paralyzing personality disorders. Evidence suggests that insecure attachment orientations are fairly general pathogenic states. Although many of the research findings supporting these ideas are co-relational, several studies show a prospective connection between attachments References Allen, J. (1999). Attachment in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P.Shaver (Eds. ), Handbook of attachment (pp. 319-335). New York: Guilford. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Attachment (Vol. 1). New York: Basic. Brendgen, M. (2001). The quality of adolescents' friendships: Associations with mothers' interpersonal relationships, attachments to parents and friends, and prosocial behaviors. Journal of Adolescence, 24, 429-445. Elliot, A. J. (2003). Attachment and exploration in adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 317-331. Field, T. (1996). Attachment and separation in young children. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 541-562. Fraley, R. C. (2003).Are infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically dist ributed? A taxometric analysis of strange situation behavior. Developmental Psychology, 39, 387-404. Geiger, B. (1996) Fathers as primary caregivers. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Harris, J. R. (1998). The nurture assumption: Why children turn out the way they do. New York: Free Press. Klaus, P. H. (1995). Bonding. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Pickover, S. (2002). Breaking the cycle: A clinical example of disrupting an insecure attachment system. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 24, 358-367. Seiffge-Krenke, I. (1993). Close friendship and imaginary companions in adolescence.Close friendships in adolescence (pp. 73-87). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Schofield, G. (1999). Attachment theory, child maltreatment and family support. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Takahashi, K. (1999). Parental loss in childhood and social support in adulthood among psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 33, 165-169. Trowell, J. (1982). Effects of obstetric management on the mother-child relationship. The pl ace of attachment in human behavior (pp. 79-94). New York: Basic. Weiss, R. S. (1982). Attachment in adult life. The place of attachment in human behavior (pp. 171-184). New York: Basic.

What are the Roles of Pueraria Tuberosa in Angiogenesis

Pueraria tuberosa is known for its therapeutic potentials in cardiovascular disorders but its effect in angiogenesis not been studied so far. In this study, a computational approach has been applied to elucidate the role of the phytochemicals in inhibition of angiogenesis through modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors: VEGFR1 VEGFR2, major factors responsible for angiogenesis. Metabolite structures retrieved from PubChem and KNApSAcK – 3D databases, were docked using AutoDock4.2 tool. Hydrogen bond and Molecular, ADME and toxicity predictions were carried out using UCSF Chimera, LigPlot+ and PreADMET server respectively. From the docking analysis, it was observed that Puerarone and Tuberostan had significant binding affinity for the intracellular kinase domain of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 respectively. It is important to mention that both the phytochemicals shared similar interaction profile as that of standard inhibitors of VEGFRs. Besides this, both Puerarone an d Tuberostan interacted with Lys861/ Lys868 (ATP binding site of VEGFR1/VEGFR2), thus providing a clue that they may enforce their inhibitory effect by blocking the ATP binding domain of VEGFRs. Moreover, these molecules exhibited good drug-likeness, ADME properties without any carcinogenic and toxic effects. The interaction pattern of the Puerarone and Tuberostan may provide a hint for a novel drug design for VEGF tyrosine kinase receptors with better specificity for the treatment of Angiogenic